Research and Insights Archive

Research and Insights from the Center for Effective Organizations

Organization Development within the Firm: A Survey of the 500 Largest Industrials

Gary C. McMahan and Richard W. Woodman conducted a study in which the 500 largest industrial firms in the United States were surveyed with regard to their internal Organization Development (OD) practice.

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Performance Appraisal, or is it Performance Management?

Edward Lawler III discusses learnings concerning the future of performance. He reviews the inherent conflicts in performance appraisals such as the one between counseling and rewarding, and considers ways to improve the effectiveness of the appraisal process.

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Organizational Effectiveness: New Realities and Challenges

Edward Lawler III provides an overview of the critical global factors that demand higher performance standards from organizations.

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Technology Transfer as a Collaborative Learning

R. Tenkasi, and S. Mohrman argue that soft technologies/innovations such as MBO or quality circles are not equipment based but have to do with techniques, procedures, approaches, processes, and methods.

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The Employee Empowerment Approach to Service

This paper by D. Bowen and E. Lawler III reviews the basic learnings that have been developed concerning how and when to use empowerment in customer service organizations. Points out that there are a number of factors which lead to the success and failure of empowerment efforts.

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Social Structural Levers for Workplace Empowerment

This paper by Gretchen M. Spreitzer addresses the workunit design characteristics associated with individual feelings of empowerment in the workplace.

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Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace: Construct Definition, Measurement, and Validation

Gretchen M. Spreitzer argues that the literature on empowerment lacks the integrated conceptual underpinning necessary for cumulative theory development and empirical research.

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Strategic Human Resource Management: Alternative Theoretical Frameworks

This article by Patrick M. Wright and Gary C. McMahan attempts to further the theoretical development of SHRM through discussing six theoretical models (behavioral perspective, cybernetic models, agency/transaction cost theory, resource-based view of the firm, power/resource dependence models, and institutional theory) that are useful for understanding both strategic and non-strategic determinants of HR practices.

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Human Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage: A Resource-Based Perspective

This paper by Patrick M. Wright, Gary C. McMahan, and Abagail McWilliams integrates the theories and findings of micro-level organizational behavior/human resource management research with the macro-level resource-based view of the firm, specifically presenting a firm’s human resources as an important potential source of sustained competitive advantage.

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Perspective Making and Perspective Taking in Communities of Knowing

In this paper, Richard J. Boland Jr. and Ramkrishnan V. Tenkasi look to science as an example of knowledge work in a community of knowing, and draw implications for the design of electronic communication systems and policies to support perspective making and perspective taking.

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Locating Meaning in Organizational Learning: The Narrative Basis of Cognition

Ramkrishnan V. Tenkasi and Richard J. Boland Jr. call for a fundamental reorientation of our understanding of human cognition and its relation to organizational learning, a turn that sees the basic organizing principle of cognition as essentially narrative and not schematic or representational.

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